What does a student learn in StateNorth Carolina,GradeGrade 9,SubjectSocial Studies?

Inquiry 9 - 12

Behavioral Sciences

Civics and Government

Economics

Geography

History

Understand economies, markets, and the role economic factors play in making economic decisions.

Compare how individuals and governments utilize scarce resources in traditional, command, market, and mixed economies.

Distinguish market structures in terms of economic characteristics and the roles they play in decision-making and opportunity costs.

Explain how supply and demand determine equilibrium price and quantity produced.

Compare the ways in which incentives and profits influence what is produced and distributed in a market system.

Analyze the role of government and economic institutions in developing and implementing economic stabilization policies in the U.S.

Summarize basic macroeconomic indicators and how they vary over the course of a business cycle.

Summarize basic microeconomic indicators and how they vary over the course of a business cycle.

Explain how fiscal policy and monetary policy influence overall levels of employment, interest rates, production, price level, and economic growth.

Differentiate organizations in terms of their roles and functions in the United States economy.

Understand the role of government in a market economy.

Identify the role the government plays in providing a legal structure to protect property rights and enforce contracts.

Explain how government regulation impacts market activity.

Explain how taxes and fees fund government goods and services.

Understand factors of economic interdependence and their impact on nations.

Explain the impact of trade on the interdependence between nations.

Explain how North Carolina contributes to and benefits from the United States and world economies.

Understand the economic relationships between groups and nations in terms of power and interdependence.

Explain how a desire for resources has impacted the global interactions and economic interdependence of empires, societies, and/or nations, now and in the past.

Explain the influence of economic interdependence on the development, interactions, and transformation of empires, societies, nations, and regions, now and in the past.

Compare how empires, groups, and nations have used economic decisions and policies to gain or maintain power, now and in the past.

Explain how economic policies have challenged international interdependence and national and tribal sovereignty in various regions around the world.

Analyze the American economic system in terms of affluence, poverty, and mobility.

Deconstruct multiple perspectives of American capitalism in terms of affluence, poverty, and mobility.

Explain how the relationships between entrepreneurship, management, labor, and consumers have impacted the quality of life in American society.

Explain the causes of economic expansion and retraction and the impacts on the American people.

Compare how some groups in American society have benefited from economic policies while other groups have been systemically denied the same benefits.

Distinguish the role women and racial minorities have played in contributing to the economic prosperity of American society in terms of equity, equality, and mobility.

Understand the role of government in both federal and state economies.

Explain how the role federal and state governments play in economic decision-making impacts economic mobility, status, and quality of life of individuals living in America.

Summarize the role of the United States and North Carolina in the world economy.

Historical Inquiry: Thinking, Analysis, & Interpretation

Assess the credibility of primary and secondary sources on the Holocaust in terms of origin, authority, reliability, literary significance, and context.

Analyze historical perspectives describing the Holocaust or other genocides through the eyes and experiences of those who were there, as revealed through literature, diaries, letters, debates, arts, artifacts, etc.

Analyze multiple perspectives of individuals and groups through the practice of historical empathy by examining differing motives, beliefs, actions, and desired outcomes.

Summarize how stereotyping and bias contribute to the misinterpretation and denial of the complex history of the Holocaust.

Interpret data presented in charts, graphs, tables, and timelines to place the events of the Holocaust in a historical and comparative context.

Use geographic tools to describe and visualize the geography of the Holocaust.

Antisemitism

Define antisemitism according to the "Never Again Education Act".

Summarize the history of relations between Jews and non-Jews in European societies leading up to the Holocaust.

Distinguish different forms of antisemitism and how they have impacted Jewish communities throughout history, including modern-day manifestations.

Explain the impact of antisemitism and its tenets, on groups and societies from ancient times through the twenty-first century.

Analyze art, propaganda, symbols, and other forms of communication to draw comparisons across eras on the beliefs and behaviors associated with antisemitism.

Explain how the Nazi Party gained popularity using antisemitism and presenting Jews as the source of political, economic, and social problems of pre-WWII Germany.

Explain how prejudice, stereotypes, stereotypes, bias, scapegoating, and discrimination contributed to the Holocaust and global responses to the Holocaust.

Genocide

Define genocide according to the United Nations.

Identify genocides of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

Compare the motivations for and effects of international responses to various genocides of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

Identify the stages of genocide.

Construct a hypothetical outline of procedures individuals or governments could use to respond to various stages of genocide.

Apply the inquiry models to analyze and evaluate social studies topics and issues in order to communicate conclusions and take informed actions.

Identify issues and problems in social studies.

Formulate questions based upon disciplinary concepts.

Identify related issues and problems related to the compelling question.

Formulate supporting questions.

Locate credible primary and secondary sources.

Locate credible primary and secondary sources.

Identify a variety of primary and secondary sources in support of compelling and supporting questions.

Identify a variety of primary and secondary sources in support of compelling and supporting questions.

Summarize the central ideas and meaning of primary and secondary sources through the use of literacy strategies.

Summarize the central ideas and meaning of primary and secondary sources through the use of literacy strategies.

Determine the origin, context, and bias of primary and secondary sources.

Determine the origin, context, and bias of primary and secondary sources.

Differentiate between facts and interpretation of sources.

Differentiate between facts and interpretation of sources.

Evaluate competing historical narratives and debates among historians.

Evaluate competing historical narratives and debates among historians.

Analyze data from charts, graphs, timelines, and maps.

Analyze visual, literary, and musical sources.

Examine change and continuity over time.

Analyze causes, effects, and correlations.

Determine the relevance of a source in relation to the compelling and supporting questions.

Construct written, oral, and multimedia arguments.

Support arguments with evidence and reasoning while considering counterclaims.

Use proper formatting in citing sources for arguments.

Develop new understandings of complex historical and current issues through rigorous academic discussions.

Participate in rigorous academic discussions emphasizing multiple viewpoints in which claims and evidence are acknowledged, critiqued, and built upon in order to create new understandings of complex historical or current issues.

Generate ideas through which the inquiry facilitates change.

Devise a plan to enact change based on the results of the inquiry.

Organize and take individual or collaborative action in order to effect change and inform others.

Essential Standard: Apply the four interconnected dimensions of historical thinking to the American History Essential Standards in order to understand the creation and development of the United States over time.

Use Chronological thinking to:1. Identify the structure of a historical narrative or story: (its beginning, middle and end) 2. Interpret data presented in timelines and create timelines.

Use Historical Comprehension to:1. Reconstruct the literal meaning of a historical passage. 2. Differentiate between historical facts and historical interpretations. 3. Analyze data in historical maps. 4. Analyze visual, literary and musical sources.

Use Historical Analysis and Interpretation to:1. Identify issues and problems of the past. 2. Consider multiple perspectives of various peoples of the past. 3. Analyze cause-and-effect relationships and multiple causation. 4. Evaluate competing historical narratives and debates among historians. 5. Evaluate the influence of the past on contemporary issues.

Use Historical Research to:1. Formulate historical questions. 2. Obtain historical data from a variety of sources. 3. Support interpretations with historical evidence. 4. Construct analytical essays using historical evidence to support arguments.

Essential Standard: Analyze key political, economic and social turning points in American History using historical thinking.

Analyze key political, economic, and social turning points since the end of Reconstruction in terms of causes and effects (e.g., conflicts, legislation, elections, innovations, leadership, movements, Supreme Court decisions, etc.).

Evaluate key turning points since the end of Reconstruction in terms of their lasting impact (e.g., conflicts, legislation, elections, innovations, leadership, movements, Supreme Court decisions, etc.).

Essential Standard: Understand the factors that led to exploration, settlement, movement, and expansion and their impact on United States development over time.

Analyze how economic, political, social, military and religious factors influenced United States imperialism (e.g., passing of the western frontier, new markets, Spanish American War, Open Door Policy, Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, canal routes, etc.).

Explain how environmental, cultural and economic factors influenced the patterns of migration and settlement within the United States since the end of Reconstruction (e.g., gold rush, destruction of the buffalo, reservations, ethnic neighborhoods, etc.).

Explain the roles of various racial and ethnic groups in settlement and expansion since Reconstruction and the consequences for those groups (e.g., American Indians, African Americans, Chinese, Irish, Hispanics and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, etc.).

Analyze voluntary and involuntary immigration trends since Reconstruction in terms of causes, regions of origin and destination, cultural contributions, and public and governmental response (e.g., new immigrants, ports of entry, ethnic neighborhoods, settlement houses, immigration restrictions, etc.).

Essential Standard: Analyze how conflict and compromise have shaped politics, economics and culture in the United States.

Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the United States since Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted (e.g., Populism, Progressivism, working conditions and labor unrest, New Deal, Wilmington Race Riots, Eugenics, Civil Rights Movement, Anti-War protests, Watergate, etc.).

Analyze the economic issues and conflicts that impacted the United States since Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted (e.g., currency policy, industrialization, urbanization, laissez-faire, labor unrest, New Deal, Great Society, supply-side economics, etc.).

Analyze the social and religious conflicts, movements and reforms that impacted the United States since Reconstruction in terms of participants, strategies, opposition, and results (e.g., Prohibition, Social Darwinism, Eugenics, civil rights, anti-war protest, etc.). AH2.H.4.4 Analyze the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States since Reconstruction and

Analyze the cultural conflicts that impacted the United States since Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted (e.g., nativism, Back to Africa movement, modernism, fundamentalism, black power movement, women’s movement, counterculture, Wilmington Race Riots, etc.).

Essential Standard: Understand how tensions between freedom, equality and power have shaped the political, economic and social development of the United States.

Summarize how the philosophical, ideological and/or religious views on freedom and equality contributed to the development of American political and economic systems since Reconstruction (e.g., “separate but equal”, Social Darwinism, social gospel, civil service system, suffrage, Harlem Renaissance, the Warren Court, Great Society programs, American Indian Movement, etc.).

Explain how judicial, legislative and executive actions have affected the distribution of power between levels of government since Reconstruction (e.g., New Deal, Great Society, Civil Rights, etc.).

Essential Standards: Understand how and why the role of the United States in the world has changed over time.

Explain how national economic and political interests helped set the direction of United States foreign policy since Reconstruction (e.g., new markets, isolationism, neutrality, containment, homeland security, etc.).

Explain the reasons for United States involvement in global wars and the influence each involvement had on international affairs (e.g., Spanish-American War, WWI, WWII, Cold War, Korea, Vietnam, Gulf War, Iraqi War, etc.).

Essential Standard: Understand the impact of war on American politics, economics, society and culture.

Explain the impact of wars on American politics since Reconstruction (e.g., spheres of influence, isolationist practices, containment policies, first and second Red Scare movements, patriotism, terrorist policies, etc.).

Explain the impact of wars on the American economy since Reconstruction (e.g., mobilizing for war, war industries, rationing, women in the workforce, lend-lease policy, WWII farming gains, GI Bill, etc.).

Explain the impact of wars on American society and culture since Reconstruction (e.g., relocation of Japanese Americans, American propaganda, first and second Red Scare movement, McCarthyism, baby boom, Civil Rights Movement, protest movements, ethnic, patriotism, etc.).

Essential Standard: Analyze the relationship between progress, crisis and the “American Dream” within the United States.

Analyze the relationship between innovation, economic development, progress and various perceptions of the “American Dream” since Reconstruction (e.g., Gilded Age, assembly line, transcontinental railroad, highway system, credit, etc.).

Explain how opportunity and mobility impacted various groups within American society since Reconstruction (e.g., Americanization movement, settlement house movement, Dust Bowl, the Great Migration, suburbia, etc.).

Evaluate the extent to which a variety of groups and individuals have had opportunity to attain their perception of the “American Dream” since Reconstruction (e.g., immigrants, Flappers, Rosie the Riveter, GIs, blue collar worker, white collar worker, etc.).

Analyze multiple perceptions of the “American Dream” in times of prosperity and crisis since Reconstruction (e.g., Great Depression, Dust Bowl, New Deal, oil crisis, savings and loan crisis, dot.com bubble, mortgage foreclosure crisis, etc.).

Analyze the relationship between education, income, career, and desired lifestyle.

Explain how education, income, career, and life choices impact an individual’s financial plan and goals.

Differentiate career and education options after high school in terms of desired lifestyle.

Identify the costs of postsecondary education and the potential increase in income from a career of choice.

Compare strategies which can minimize the costs of postsecondary education.

Summarize various types of income.

Understand the purpose and function of taxes and the impact on income.

Explain how payroll deductions modify an employee’s disposable income.

Identify the types and purposes of local, state, and federal taxes and the way each is levied and used.

Implement appropriate computations and procedures to prepare a federal or state tax form.

The Rise of Hitler & Nazi Germany

Describe the diverse range of Jewish culture, tradition, and experiences prior to the Holocaust.

Summarize how German nationalism and the rise of Hitler were influenced by both historical and cultural factors.

Distinguish the connections between Social Darwinism, Lebensraum, euthanasia, eugenics, and America's concept of Manifest Destiny.

Identify the various groups the Nazis targeted for state-sponsored persecution.

Describe the role of propaganda, conspiracy theories, and the media in promoting Nazi ideology.

Describe Nazi policies and laws from 1933-1938 in terms of their ability to consolidate power, disenfranchise, and separate groups from society.

Describe the Nazi motivations for racial purity and the various ways they tried to secure a pure “Aryan” race.

Explain how Nazi ideology impacted the behavior of individuals and groups.

Describe how the Nazis used euphemisms to disguise their actions against Jews and those considered political enemies of the state.

Define the Holocaust according to the "Never Again Education Act".

Identify the individuals, groups, and nations that served as allies of the Nazi regime and the reasons for their alliance with the Nazis.

Summarize the opportunities and challenges involved in emigration from Nazi-controlled areas of Europe.

Explain the causes and effects of key turning points on Jews in Germany and Nazi-controlled territories, 1937-1941.

Describe the role that perpetrators, collaborators, bystanders, resisters, and rescuers played before, during, and after the Holocaust.

Use primary and secondary sources to determine what governments and citizens around the world knew about the mass murder of Jews during World War II.

Compare how media outlets in different parts of the world reported on the Nazi regime, persecution of Jews, and the Holocaust before and after the outbreak of war.

Describe the various forms of resistance, in Germany and Nazi-occupied territories, to the Nazi regimentation of society.

Explain how the events of World War II and the Holocaust are connected.

Compare the actions of both the United States and Germany at the outset of WWII in terms of how government actions impacted the lives of citizens.

Describe the various ways in which the Nazis executed the Final Solution; and the effects.

Jewish Life in Europe After Hitler’s Rise to Power

Explain the reasoning for the creation of ghettos under the Nazi regime and how they functioned.

Categorize Nazi camps by type, purpose, and kind of prisoners.

Describe life in different types of camps.

Explain how the Nazi infrastructure of transportation and other bureaucratic systems were used to enable the deportation and annihilation of Jewish people and other enemies of the state.

Use primary source evidence such as artifacts, survivor testimony, and diary entries to describe the challenges of life in the various camps and ghettos of Germanoccupied territories.

Describe various survival and resistance strategies used by men, women, and children in the camps and ghettos.

Explain how acts of resistance by Jews, non-Jews, the youth, women, and formal resistance forces contributed to prolonging or ensuring the survival of those targeted by the Nazis.

Distinguish ways in which various forms of resistance can be seen as a means to preserve Jewish identity and culture for survivors of the Holocaust.

Global Responses to the Holocaust: Before, During, & After

Differentiate significant global responses to the Holocaust during and after WWII.

Explain how stereotypes, propaganda, and isolationist policies impacted immigration laws and policies around the world regarding Jews and others targeted by the Nazis.

Use primary and secondary sources to help demonstrate ways in which the Allies used the Nuremberg Trials to expose crimes against victims of the Holocaust.

Explain the establishment of the State of Israel and its influence on Jewish immigration after World War II.

Summarize the success of post-war efforts in prosecuting perpetrators of crimes of Nazism.

Liberation & Legacy

Describe the challenges survivors faced in rebuilding their lives after the Holocaust.

Summarize the importance of museums, monuments, and memorials in commemorating the Holocaust and preserving its historical record.

Explain the impact of stolen goods on Jewish heritage, history, and survivors.

Describe the resilience of Holocaust survivors to Nazism, antisemitism, and discrimination from 1933 to the present day.

Compare the differing interpretations in the study of the Holocaust by German and American historians.

Summarize the changes in Jewish demographic trends following the Holocaust.

Define denial and distortion according to the "Never Again Education Act".

Analyze the social, cultural, and political effects of Holocaust denial on contemporary societies.

Classify misinformation and disinformation related to Holocaust distortion and denial.

Evaluate American identity in terms of perspective, change, and continuity.

Understand how values, beliefs, and norms influence the American system of government.

Analyze how artistic, literary, philosophical, technological, and scientific ideas have developed and shaped society and institutions.

Critique multiple perspectives of American identity in terms of American exceptionalism.

Deconstruct societies and institutions around the world in terms of the ways in which they were shaped by art, literature, philosophical thought, and religion, now and in the past.

Explain how values and beliefs influence the creation and implementation of public policy and laws.

Explain the impact of scientific and technological innovations on societal change around the world, both now and in the past.

Explain how legislation, policy, and judicial rulings reflect changing norms and values in the United States.

Critique multiple perspectives of American identity in terms of opportunity, prosperity, and crisis.

Critique multiple perspectives of American identity in terms of oppression, stereotypes, diversity, inclusion, and exclusion.

Explain how the values and beliefs regarding freedom, equality, and justice have helped transform the American system of government.

Understand the concept of identity in historic and contemporary societies in terms of its development and impacts.

Critique multiple perspectives of American identity in terms of individualism and conformity.

Explain how individual values and societal norms contribute to institutional discrimination and the marginalization of minority groups living under the American system of government.

Explain how shared values and beliefs of a culture impact national, tribal, and group identity, now and in the past.

Explain how competing religious, secular, racial, ethnic, and tribal group identities have impacted societies, now and in the past.

Explain how various immigrant experiences have influenced American identity.

Explain the impact of global interaction on the development of national, tribal, and ethnic identities, now and in the past.

Explain how the experiences and achievements of minorities and marginalized peoples have contributed to American identity over time in terms of the struggle against bias, racism, oppression, and discrimination.

Explain how slavery, xenophobia, disenfranchisement, and intolerance have affected individual and group perspectives of themselves as Americans.

Analyze the relationship of tradition and progress in terms of scientific, technological, intellectual and cultural development.

Differentiate among scientific and technological innovations in terms of how they have reinforced and redefined American values and beliefs.

Distinguish religious beliefs and human reasoning in terms of their influence on American society and culture.

Explain the development and realignment of political parties as reflected in key elections.

Understand the impact of the founding principles of the United States on federal and state government.

Explain the influence of the founding principles on state and federal decisions using primary and secondary source documents.

Critique the consistency with which federal policies, state policies, and Supreme Court decisions have upheld the founding principles.

Analyze the relationship between various societies and government in terms of freedom, equality, and power.

Analyze the roles of the branches of government at the federal, state, and local levels.

Compare ways in which individuals, groups, and governments have gained and maintained power.

Compare how national, state, and local governments maintain order, security, and protect individual rights.

Distinguish ways in which religious and secular leaders and political systems have used power to sustain, expand, or restrict freedom and equality.

Compare various revolutions, rebellions, and movements in terms of motive, consequence, and lasting impact on the freedom and equality of individuals and groups in society.

Explain how the principle of federalism impacts the actions of state and local government.

Differentiate between the types of local governments in order to understand the role, powers, and functions each plays within an intergovernmental system.

Compare ways racial, ethnic, and religious groups around the world have demonstrated resistance and resilience to inequities, injustice, and restriction of freedoms, now and in the past.

Evaluate the relationship between the American people and the government in terms of freedom, equality, and power.

Explain how various views on freedom and equality contributed to the development of American political thought and system of government.

Evaluate international diplomacy and the policies of a nation in terms of influence on global conflict and resolutions.

Compare the federal government of the United States to various types of government around the world in terms of balancing security and the protection of rights.

Analyze the various responsibilities of individuals living in the United States in terms of citizenship, civic participation, and the political process.

Explain how policies and treaties have led to international conflict, now and in the past.

Critique the extent to which various levels of government used power to expand or restrict the freedom and equality of American people.

Differentiate citizenship and civic participation in terms of responsibilities, duties, and privileges of citizens.

Explain how various individuals and groups strategized, organized, advocated and protested to expand or restrict freedom and equality.

Critique the effectiveness of cooperative efforts among nations, groups, and international organizations in resolving conflicts and maintaining international stability, now and in the past.

Explain how racism, oppression, and discrimination of indigenous peoples, racial minorities, and other marginalized groups have impacted equality and power in America.

Compare strategies used by individuals to address discrimination, segregation, disenfranchisement, reconcentration, and other discriminatory practices that have existed in the United States.

Analyze the American political system in terms of conflict, compromise, and consequence.

Summarize the changes in process, perception, and the interpretation of United States citizenship and naturalization.

Compare citizenship in the American constitutional democracy to membership in other types of governments.

Distinguish decisions by executive, legislative, and judicial leaders in terms of resolving conflict and establishing compromise.

Explain the development and realignment of political parties as reflected in key elections.

Explain how the two-party system has shaped the political landscape of the United States.

Distinguish the relationship between the media and government in terms of the responsibility to inform the American public.

Deconstruct changes in balance of power between local, state, and federal government in terms of conflict and compromise.

Assess the effectiveness of the election process at the national, state, and local levels.

Analyze how the judicial, legal, and political systems of the United States and North Carolina embody the founding principles of government.

Differentiate the judicial systems of the United States and North Carolina in terms of structure, jurisdiction, and how each provides for equal protection.

Compare citizenship in the American constitutional democracy to membership in other types of governments.

Differentiate the structure and function of state and federal courts in order to understand the adversarial nature of each.

Exemplify how the constitutions of the United States and North Carolina have been interpreted and applied since ratification.

Assess how effective the American system of government has been in ensuring freedom, equality, and justice for all.

Assess the effectiveness of the election process at the national, state, and local levels.

Summarize the importance of both the right to due process of law and the individual rights established in the Bill of Rights in the American legal system.

Critique the extent to which women, indigenous, religious, racial, ability, and identity groups have had access to justice as established in the founding principles of government.